Determining specific gravity of bitumen civil engineering. The bitumen shall be applied at the temperature range called for in table 3. The specific gravity bottle is cleaned, dried and weighed along with the stopper. Note the provision of this standard shall be applicable to bitumen emulsions also, subject to. Elevated temperatures evaporate water, changing the characteristics of the asphalt emulsion. The principle is that it is the ratio of mass of a given volume of bitumen to the mass of an equal volume of water, both taken at a recordedspecified temperature. The specific gravity of pure bitumen normally extends from 0.
Bitumen emulsions have a low viscosity compared to the bitumen from which they are produced and can be. Vg bitumen specifications cover by viscosity at 60. Bitumen tar 1 bitumen is found in black to brown in. But as the bitumen is a petroleum product it doesnt mix with water and as it is sticky in nature, it doesnt easily gets disintegrated into fine droplets. Specific gravity specific gravity of bitumen the specific gravity of semisolid bituminous material, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches shall be expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the material at 25 c to that of an equal volume of water at the same. Specific gravity of bitumen recommended values the specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Cox, rodney edgerton, determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of bituminous substances 1964. Css1 product data sheet description and physical properties css1 is a cationic slow setting asphalt emulsion designed for use as a tack coat, base stabilization, fog sealing, dust control and specialty applications. Jul 21, 2014 specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the bituminous material to the mass of an equal volume of water, the temperature of both being specified as 27 0 c. If the bitumen starts to separate from the water solution in storage, the emulsion can usually be easily restored by gentle agitation to redisperse the droplets.
Since the specific gravity of asphalt is very close to 1. In the present study bitumen is replaced by bitumen emulsion for the construction of flexible pavement. Therefore, the specimens with a bitumen content of 3. Standard viscosity grade bitumen acgrades, in which the viscosity of the standard bitumen asphalt is measured at 60. Number mixture synonyms slurry oil, cationic tack oilprimer product code number 421,422,423 ii. Asphalt binder, cutback asphalts, and emulsion asphalts. The bottle is then removed and cleaned from outside.
Specific gravity test of bitumen aggregate specific gravity test specific gravity api specific gravity chart calculations of specific gravity adhesion test for bitumen astm d36 test method for softening point of bitumen at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific standards for bitumen astm bitumen bitumen emulsions bitumen emulsion astm. Emulsions can be used with cold and wet aggregates, the final strength of the road material develops as the emulsions sets reverts to a continuous bitumen phase and water is lost. Gravity settling can be used alone only to treat loose, unstable emulsions. These specimens, when viewed with regard to physical properties, have 43% less average air void contents, 2. Bitumen emulsion types, uses, advantages and manufacture. Properties considered in mix design superpave mix design method. Overview on cold cement bitumen emulsion asphalt 1. Usually, our reference liquid is water, which has a density of 1 gml or 1 gcm3. Viscosity denotes the fluid property of the bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Do store at the temperature specified for the particular grade and application. Bitumen emulsion is a mixture of fine droplets of bitumen and water. Inverted asphalt emulsions are seldom used in pavement applications. Viscosity grade bitumen, bitumen vg 20, vg 30, vg 40. Emulsifier can be defined as a surfaceactive agent.
The specific gravity of pure bitumen ranges from 0. Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities. Bitumen emulsion shall be intended when material is referred to as emulsified asphalt. Cold mix asphalt consists of unheated aggregate with emulsion or cutback as binder. Astm d70 97 standard test method for specific gravity and. Materials that have a lower specific gravity are lower boiling point thus one of the first applications of this parameter has been using it for the distillation of crude oil. Pdf laboratory mix design of cold bitumen emulsion mixtures.
This test is done to determine the specific gravity of semisolid bitumen road tars, creosote and anthracene oil as per is. Presence of ductility means the formation of the film and coating would be proper. It is filled with fresh distilled water, stopper placed and the same is kept in water container for at least half an hour at temperature 27 0 c. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in semi solid or solid state. Generally speaking, the lower the api gi of a petroleum, the higher will be its asphalt content, and the lower its content of volatile phases like gasoline and kerosene. Apparatus specific gravity bottle of 50 ml capacity, ordinary capillary type with 6 mm diameter neck or wide mouthed capillary type bottle with 25 mm. The bitumen is suspended in a finely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilized with an emulsifier. The conventional method of road construction involves the burning of bitumen which produces. The api gi is thus inversely related to the specific gravity of the material. But all the same, its value is needed in mix design. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Specific gravity of a binder does not influence its behaviour.
Threetypes of bituminous emulsions are available, which are. Bitumen emulsion is a free flowing liquid at ambient temperatures. Ss1 is an anionic slow setting asphalt emulsion designed for use as a tack coat, in finegraded mixes, dust control, fog seal. The specific gravity of an object is the ratio between the density of an object to a reference liquid. Bitumen 80100 is used as a binder of mineral aggregates in asphalt concrete and hot laid plant mix for highways, airports, parking areas, driveways and curbs. Asphalt emulsions generalyl conssi t of about twothirds as phalt cement, wtih the remai nder being water and emulsferii. Apr 30, 2017 specific gravity of bituminous material is defined as ratio of mass of given volume of substance to the equal volume of water, temperature of both being 27c. The state job number or purchase order number shall be shown on all emulsified asphalts, cutback asphalt and performance grade asphalt shipments. Bitumen emulsions normally comprise between 30% and 80% bitumen by volume. Viscosity test viscosity denotes the fluid property of bituminous material and it is a measure of resistance to flow. Viscosity grade bitumen is specified by astm standard d338109 and aashto m22680 2008. Bitumen is a nonfuel products and has many classes 80100 grade 50 70 grade 6070 grade 85100 grade.
Determination of the specific gravity of micro quantities of. Ductility values ranges from 0 to over 150 depending on the type of bitumen. Exp 9 specific gravity of bitumen civil engineers pk. It shall be applied at a rate of 2 m 2 per litre, and thus act as a combined waterproofing and curing agent in accordance with astm c309. Bulk specific gravity or density the density of the compacted mix is the unit weight of the mixture the weight of a specific volume of hma. Material safety data sheet 0 reactivity 5201 brighton, p. Specific gravity test of bitumen aggregate specific gravity test specific gravity api specific gravity chart calculations of specific gravity adhesion test for bitumen astm d36 test method for softening point of bitumen at what temperature t0 does the specific heat of the free electrons become larger than the specific at what. What is the specific gravity of bitumen various petroleum products with specific gravity different pitch. Bitumen emulsion showing signs of separation shall not be used. Pdf use of bitumen emulsion for flexible road construction. In particular, bitumen emulsion shall be handled with care and not subjected to mechanical shocks or extremes of temperature likely to cause separation of the bitumen.
Bitumen emulsions provide a alternative approach in which the bitumen is liquefied by dispersing in water. Bitumen emulsion protective coating properties the essential properties of nitoproof 10 are. Aashto t43 test for specific gravity of bituminous materials aashto t85 specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate aashto t180d test for moisturedensity relations of soils aashto t102 spot test of asphaltic materials aashto t164 test for quantitative extraction of bitumen. Vg 10, vg 30, bitumen 6070, bitumen 80100, bitumen modified synonyms. Pdf overview on cold cement bitumen emulsion asphalt. Cationic bitumen emulsion based on cold mix technology. Ss1 is an anionic slow setting asphalt emulsion designed for use as a tack coat, in finegraded mixes, dust control, fog seal and specialty applications. Mix properties are required to be measured in volumetric terms as well as weight. From the weights taken, the specific gravity of bitumen can be found out. Cationic bitumen emulsion, shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade, given in table 3. Density is important because proper density in the finished product is essential for lasting pavement performance. The specific gravity can be measured using either pycnometer or preparing a cube specimen of bitumen in the semisolid or solid state.
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